Toplum dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, sadece bir arada ya\u015fayan insan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Toplum; bizi y\u00f6nlendiren, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izen, neyin do\u011fru neyin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sabah kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda i\u015fe gitmemiz, s\u0131raya girmemiz, ay\u0131p denen \u015feylerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131z, \u201cel \u00e2lem ne der\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz\u2026 Bunlar\u0131n hepsi toplumun g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez ama g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte Durkheim, bu kurallar\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirsizle\u015fti\u011fi ya da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlara anomi ad\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anomi Ne Demektir?<\/em><\/strong> Anomi en basit haliyle kurals\u0131zl\u0131k, normsuzluk ya da toplumsal pusulas\u0131zl\u0131k demektir. Ama bu, \u201chi\u00e7 kural yok\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmez. Daha \u00e7ok, kurallar\u0131n art\u0131k yol g\u00f6stermemesi, insanlar\u0131n neye g\u00f6re ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilememesi durumudur.Durkheim\u2019a g\u00f6re insan tek ba\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne kadar isteyece\u011fini, nerede duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemez. \u0130nsan\u0131n arzular\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok para, daha \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131, daha \u00e7ok stat\u00fc ister. Toplum ise bu arzulara bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izer. \u201cBu kadar yeter\u201d, \u201cburada dur\u201d, \u201c\u015fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7me\u201d der. Anomi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar silikle\u015fir.Bir \u00f6rnekle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim: Trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kav\u015fak hayal edin. Kimseye \u201cdur\u201d ya da \u201cge\u00e7\u201d denmiyor. Teknik olarak herkes \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr ama sonu\u00e7 kaostur. \u0130\u015fte anomi de toplumsal hayatta buna benzer bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anomi<\/strong> Nas\u0131l Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar?<\/em><\/strong> Durkheim\u2019a g\u00f6re anomi \u00f6zellikle ani toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim bazen k\u00f6t\u00fc, bazen iyi olabilir. Ekonomik krizler, ani zenginle\u015fmeler, sava\u015flar, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7ler, h\u0131zl\u0131 modernle\u015fme, geleneksel yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi… Mesela bir ki\u015fi y\u0131llarca yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra aniden zenginle\u015firse, bu durum onu mutlu etmek yerine bir bo\u015flu\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k neye g\u00f6re ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemez. Eskiden ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feyler \u015fimdi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ama s\u0131n\u0131r yoktur. Durkheim\u2019a g\u00f6re bu da anomi \u00fcretir.Yani anomi sadece yoksullukla de\u011fil, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla da ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHer \u015eey Serbest\u201d Duygusu Neden Tehlikelidir? Toplum \u015funu yapar: Anomi ve \u0130ntihar \u0130li\u015fkisi G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hayatta Anomi<\/em><\/strong> Toplum dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, sadece bir arada ya\u015fayan insan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Toplum; bizi y\u00f6nlendiren, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izen, neyin do\u011fru neyin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sosyoloji","category-sosyoloji-tarihi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":4,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":460,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions\/460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sosyologmerve.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/em><\/strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a duydu\u011fumuz bir c\u00fcmle vard\u0131r:
\u201cKimse kimseyi ilgilendirmez, herkes istedi\u011fini yapar.\u201d
Bu c\u00fcmle ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ama Durkheim\u2019a g\u00f6re bu durum uzun vadede insan\u0131 yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc birey, neyin normal neyin anormal oldu\u011funu ay\u0131rt edemez hale gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bize hedefler verir.
Bu hedeflere nas\u0131l ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yler.
Ne zaman durmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.
Anomi durumunda ise hedefler vard\u0131r ama yollar belirsizdir. Herkes bir \u015feylere ula\u015fmak ister ama nas\u0131l ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne pahas\u0131na ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemez.
Bu y\u00fczden anomi, sadece toplumsal bir sorun de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda ruhsal bir kriz \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/em><\/strong>Durkheim, anomi kavram\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde intihar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ona g\u00f6re baz\u0131 intiharlar bireysel psikolojiyle de\u011fil, toplumsal yap\u0131daki bozulmalarla ilgilidir. Buna anomik intihar der.
Ekonomik kriz sonras\u0131 i\u015fini kaybeden biri ya da ani zenginle\u015fme sonras\u0131 anlam kayb\u0131 ya\u015fayan biri, hayata tutunacak normlar\u0131 kaybetti\u011finde derin bir bo\u015fluk hisseder. Bu bo\u015fluk, \u201cneden ya\u015f\u0131yorum?\u201d sorusunu beraberinde getirir.
Durkheim\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli vurgusu \u015fudur:
\u0130nsan sadece mutsuzken de\u011fil, y\u00f6ns\u00fcz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da \u00e7\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anomi bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok tan\u0131d\u0131k bir duygu asl\u0131nda. \u015eu c\u00fcmleleri s\u0131k duyuyorsak, anomik bir ortamday\u0131z demektir:
\u201cNe do\u011fru ne yanl\u0131\u015f belli de\u011fil.\u201d
\u201cHerkes kafas\u0131na g\u00f6re tak\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d
\u201cEskiden ay\u0131p belirgindi, \u015fimdi her \u015fey normal.\u201d
\u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan da kazanam\u0131yor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan da.\u201d
\u00d6zellikle gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen gelecek belirsizli\u011fi, eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alamama hissi ve de\u011fer karma\u015fas\u0131 anominin modern yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r.
Sosyal medyada bir yanda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 hik\u00e2yeleri, di\u011fer yanda g\u00fcvencesizlik\u2026 Ne \u00f6rnek al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, hangi yolun \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d oldu\u011fu belirsizdir. Bu da bireyde s\u00fcrekli bir yetersizlik ve bo\u015fluk duygusu yarat\u0131r.
Durkheim bireyin tamamen serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmaz. Ona g\u00f6re sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplum, bireyi bo\u011fmayan ama y\u00f6nlendiren bir toplumdur. Kurallar bask\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, denge i\u00e7in gereklidir. Toplumsal normlar \u015funlar\u0131 sa\u011flar:
-G\u00fcven duygusu
-Aidiyet hissi
-Hayata anlam katma
Anomi ise bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zer.
Anomi Bir Hastal\u0131k m\u0131?<\/em><\/strong>
Durkheim\u2019a g\u00f6re anomi, modern toplumlar\u0131n kronik riskidir. \u00d6zellikle h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen toplumlarda bu risk daha y\u00fcksektir. Ama anomi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir kader de\u011fildir. Toplumsal ba\u011flar g\u00fc\u00e7lendik\u00e7e, adalet duygusu artt\u0131k\u00e7a ve emek ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f kuruldu\u011funda anomi azal\u0131r.
K\u0131sacas\u0131 anomi, sadece \u201ckurals\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d de\u011fil; insan\u0131n hayatta nerede duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilememesi halidir. Ve bu belirsizlik, bireyi i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e yoran sessiz bir toplumsal krizdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"